Phred

A PHP MVC framework:

• Intended for projects of all sizes, and solo or team development.
  • The single router call per controller style makes it easy for teamwork without stepping on each others toes.
• REQUIREMENTS
  • PHP 8.1+
  • Primarily meant for Apache/Nginx webservers, will look into supporting other webservers in the future.
• PSR-4 autoloading.
• Installed through Composer (composer create-project getphred/phred)
• Environment variables (.env) for configuration.
• Supports two API formats (with content negotiation)
  • Pragmatic REST (default)
  • JSON:API
  • Choose via .env:
    • API_FORMAT=rest (plain JSON responses, RFC7807 error format)
    • API_FORMAT=jsonapi (JSON:API compliant documents and error objects)
  • Or negotiate per request using the Accept header:
    • Accept: application/vnd.api+json forces JSON:API for that request
• TESTING environment variables (.env)
  • TEST_RUNNER=codeception
  • TEST_PATH=tests
    • TEST_PATH is relative to both project root and each module root.
• Dependency Injection
• Fully Pluggable, but ships with defaults:
  • Pluggability model (M5)
    • Core depends on Phred contracts and PSRs; concrete implementations are provided by Service Providers.
    • Providers implement Phred\Support\Contracts\ServiceProviderInterface with register(ContainerBuilder) and boot(Container) methods.
    • Providers are loaded in deterministic order: core → app → modules, configured in config/providers.php.
    • Swap packages by changing .env / config/app.php drivers and enabling a provider.
  • Driver keys (examples)
    • ORM_DRIVER=pairity|doctrine
    • TEMPLATE_DRIVER=eyrie|twig|plates
    • FLAGS_DRIVER=flagpole|unleash
    • TEST_RUNNER=codeception
  • Primary contracts
    • Template\Contracts\RendererInterface
    • Orm\Contracts\ConnectionInterface (or repositories in future milestones)
    • Flags\Contracts\FeatureFlagClientInterface
    • Testing\Contracts\TestRunnerInterface.
  • Default Plug-ins
    • Feature Flags through getphred/flagpole
    • ORM through getphred/pairity (handles migrations, seeds, and db access)
    • Unit Testing through codeception/codeception
      • Testing is provided as a CLI dev capability only; it is not part of the HTTP request lifecycle.
    • Template Engine through getphred/eyrie
• Other dependencies:
  • Dependency Injection through php-di/php-di
  • Static Analysis through phpstan/phpstan
  • Code Style Enforcement through friendsofphp/php-cs-fixer
  • Logging through monolog/monolog
  • Config and environment handling through vlucas/phpdotenv
  • HTTP client through guzzlehttp/guzzle
• URL extension negotiation (optional)
  • Opt-in middleware that parses a trailing URL extension and hints content negotiation.
  • Enable via env: URL_EXTENSION_NEGOTIATION=true (default true)
  • Control allowed extensions via: URL_EXTENSION_WHITELIST="json|php|none"
    • Defaults to json|php|none. XML support will be added in M12.
  • Examples:
    • /users/1.json → JSON response
    • /users/1 or /users/1.php → HTML (views) by convention
  • Extensible: future formats can be added with a factory and whitelisting.
• CONTROLLERS
  • Invokable controllers (Actions),
  • Single router call per controller,
  • public function __invoke(Request $request) method entry point on controller class,
  • Response helpers via dependency injection:
    • Inject Phred\Http\Contracts\ApiResponseFactoryInterface to build responses consistently across formats.
    • The factory is negotiated per request (env default or Accept header) and sets appropriate Content-Type.
    • Common methods: ok(array $data), created(array $data, ?string $location), noContent(), error(int $status, string $title, ?string $detail, array $extra = []).
    • Example:

      use Phred\Http\Contracts\ApiResponseFactoryInterface as Responses;
      use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface as Request;
      use Phred\Http\Middleware\ContentNegotiationMiddleware as Negotiation;
      
      final class ExampleController {
          public function __construct(private Responses $responses) {}
          public function __invoke(Request $request) {
              $format = $request->getAttribute(Negotiation::ATTR_API_FORMAT, 'rest');
              return $this->responses->ok(['format' => $format]);
          }
      }
      

  • MVC controller bases (M6)
    • For API endpoints inside modules, extend Phred\Mvc\APIController and use response helpers:

      use Phred\Mvc\APIController;
      use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface as Request;
      
      final class UserShowController extends APIController {
          public function __invoke(Request $request) {
              $user = ['id' => 123, 'name' => 'Ada'];
              return $this->ok(['user' => $user]);
          }
      }
      

    • For HTML endpoints inside modules, extend Phred\Mvc\ViewController and delegate to a module View:

      use Phred\Mvc\ViewController;
      use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface as Request;
      
      final class HomePageController extends ViewController {
          public function __invoke(Request $request, HomePageView $view) {
              // domain data (normally from a Service)
              $data = ['title' => 'Welcome', 'name' => 'world'];
              // Use the view's default template by omitting the template param
              return $this->renderView($view, $data);
              // Or override template explicitly via 3rd param:
              // return $this->renderView($view, $data, 'home');
          }
      }
      

• VIEWS
  • Classes for data manipulation/preparation before rendering Templates,
    • $this->render(<template_name>, <data_array>); to render a template.
    • Base class (M6): extend Phred\Mvc\View in your module and optionally override transformData():

      use Phred\Mvc\View;
      
      final class HomePageView extends View {
          protected string $template = 'home'; // default template
          protected function transformData(array $data): array {
              $data['upper'] = strtoupper($data['name'] ?? '');
              return $data;
          }
      }
      

    • With the default Eyrie renderer, a simple template string "<h1>Hello {{upper}}</h1>" would produce <h1>Hello WORLD</h1>.
  • Template selection conventions (M6)
    • Controllers always call renderView($view, $data, ?$templateOverride):
      • Use default template: renderView($view, $data) (no third parameter)
      • Override template explicitly: renderView($view, $data, 'template_name')
    • Views own default template selection and presentation logic:
      • Declare protected string $template = 'default_name'; or override defaultTemplate() for dynamic selection
      • The View decides which template to use when the controller does not pass an override
    • Rationale: keeps template/presentation decisions in the View layer; controllers only make explicit overrides when necessary (flags, A/B tests, special flows).
• SERVICES
  • for business logic.
• MODULES (M7)
  • Django-style: all user Controllers, Views, Templates, Services, etc. live inside modules.
  • Suggested module layout (ORM-agnostic):
    • modules/<Module>/Controllers/
    • modules/<Module>/Views/
    • modules/<Module>/Templates/
    • modules/<Module>/Services/
    • modules/<Module>/Models/ (domain models, ORM-neutral)
    • modules/<Module>/Repositories/ (interfaces consumed by services)
    • modules/<Module>/Persistence/Pairity/ (DAOs, DTOs, mappers, repo implementations)
    • modules/<Module>/Persistence/Eloquent/ (Eloquent models, repo implementations)
    • modules/<Module>/Database/Migrations/ (canonical migrations for the module)
    • modules/<Module>/Routes/web.php and api.php
    • modules/<Module>/Providers/*ServiceProvider.php
  • Swap ORM driver (ORM_DRIVER=pairity|eloquent) without changing services/controllers: providers bind repository interfaces to driver-specific implementations. Migrations remain a single canonical set per module.
  • Creating a Module
    • With prompt (interactive):

      php phred create:module Blog
      # Enter URL prefix for module 'Blog' [/blog]:
      

      • The command will scaffold modules/Blog/*, register the provider in config/providers.php (modules section), and append an inclusion snippet to routes/web.php mounting the module at /blog.
    • Without prompt (explicit prefix argument):

      php phred create:module Blog /blog
      # or
      php phred create:module Blog --prefix=/blog
      

    • After creation, add PSR-4 to composer.json and dump autoload:

      {
        "autoload": {
          "psr-4": {
            "Project\\\\Modules\\\\Blog\\\\": "modules/Blog/"
          }
        }
      }
      

      composer dump-autoload
      

    • Route inclusion pattern in routes/web.php (added automatically):

      use Phred\\Http\\Routing\\RouteGroups;
      use Phred\\Http\\Router;
      
      // Module 'Blog' mounted at '/blog'
      RouteGroups::include($router, '/blog', function (Router $router) {
          /** @noinspection PhpIncludeInspection */
          (static function ($router) { require __DIR__ . '/../modules/Blog/Routes/web.php'; })($router);
      });
      

    • Define module-local routes relative to the module in modules/Blog/Routes/web.php:

      use Phred\\Http\\Router;
      use Project\\Modules\\Blog\\Controllers as C;
      
      $router->get('/', C\\HomeController::class);          // -> /blog
      $router->get('/posts', C\\PostIndexController::class); // -> /blog/posts
      

• SERVICE PROVIDERS (M5)
  • for dependency injection and runtime bootstrapping.
  • Configure providers in config/providers.php:

    return [
        'core' => [
            Phred\Providers\Core\RoutingServiceProvider::class,
            Phred\Providers\Core\TemplateServiceProvider::class,
            Phred\Providers\Core\OrmServiceProvider::class,
            Phred\Providers\Core\FlagsServiceProvider::class,
            Phred\Providers\Core\TestingServiceProvider::class,
        ],
        'app' => [
            Phred\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
        ],
        'modules' => [],
    ];
    

  • Add routes from a provider using the RouteRegistry helper:

    use Phred\Http\Routing\RouteRegistry;
    use Phred\Http\Router;
    
    RouteRegistry::add(static function ($collector, Router $router): void {
        $router->get('/hello', fn() => ['message' => 'Hello from a provider']);
    });
    

  • Select drivers via env or config/app.php under drivers:
    • TEMPLATE_DRIVER=eyrie
    • ORM_DRIVER=pairity
    • FLAGS_DRIVER=flagpole
    • TEST_RUNNER=codeception
  • Defaults are provided by core providers and can be swapped by changing these keys and adding alternate providers.
• MIGRATIONS
  • for database changes.
• Modular separation, similar to Django apps.
  • Nested Models
  • Nested Controllers
  • Nested Views
  • Nested Services
  • Nested Migrations
  • Nested Service Providers
  • Nested Routes
  • Nested Templates
  • Nested Tests
• CLI Helper called phred
  • php phred create:command <name> // Creates a CLI command under `console/commands
  • php phred create:module <name> // Creates a module
  • php phred create:<module>:controller // Creates a controller in the specified module
  • php phred create:<module>:model // Creates a model in the specified module
  • php phred create:<module>:migration // Creates a migration in the specified module
  • php phred create:<module>:seed // Creates a seeder in the specified module
  • php phred create:<module>:test // Creates a test in the specified module
  • php phred create:<module>:view / Creates a view in the specified module
  • php phred db:backup // Backup the database
  • php phred db:restore -f <db_backup_file> // Restore the database from the specified backup file
  • php phred migrate [-m <module>] // Migrate entire project or module
  • php phred migration:rollback [-m <module>] // Rollback entire project or module
  • php phred seed
  • php phred seed:rollback
  • php phred test[:<module>] // Test entire project or module
    • Runs tests using the configured test runner (dev only).
    • Requires require-dev dependencies.
  • php phred run [-p <port>]
    • Spawns a local PHP webserver on port 8000 (unless specified otherwise using -p)
• CLI Helper is extendable through CLI Commands.

Command discovery

• Core commands (bundled with Phred) are discovered from src/commands.
• User/project commands are discovered from console/commands in your project root.

Run the CLI:

php phred list

Add your own command by creating a PHP file under console/commands, returning an instance of Phred\Console\Command (or an anonymous class extending it).

(Or by running php phred create:command <name>)

Example:

<?php
use Phred\Console\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface as Input;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface as Output;

return new class extends Command {
    protected string $command = 'hello:world';
    protected string $description = 'Example user command';
    public function handle(Input $in, Output $out): int { $out->writeln('Hello!'); return 0; }
};

Configuration and environment

• Phred uses vlucas/phpdotenv to load a .env file from your project root (loaded in bootstrap/app.php).
• Access configuration anywhere via Phred\Support\Config::get(<key>, <default>).
  • Precedence: environment variables > config files > provided default.
  • Keys may be provided in either UPPER_SNAKE (e.g., APP_ENV) or dot.notation (e.g., app.env).
  • Config files live under config/*.php and return arrays; dot keys are addressed as <file>.<path> (e.g., app.timezone).

Common keys

• APP_ENV (default from config/app.php: local)
• APP_DEBUG (true/false)
• APP_TIMEZONE (default UTC)
• API_FORMAT (rest | jsonapi; default rest)

API formats and negotiation

• Middleware ContentNegotiationMiddleware determines the active API format per request.
• Precedence:
  1. Accept: application/vnd.api+json → JSON:API
  2. .env/config API_FORMAT (fallback to rest)
• The chosen format is stored on the request as phred.api_format and used by the injected ApiResponseFactoryInterface to produce the correct response shape and Content-Type.
• Demo endpoint: GET /_phred/format responds with the active format; GET /_phred/health returns a simple JSON 200.

Examples

use Phred\Support\Config;

$env = Config::get('APP_ENV', 'local');      // reads from env, then config/app.php, else 'local'
$tz  = Config::get('app.timezone', 'UTC');   // reads nested key from config files
$fmt = strtolower(Config::get('API_FORMAT', 'rest'));